Cross-cultural invariance of the Spanish version of the COVID-19 Assessment Scorecard to measure the perception of government actions against COVID-19 in Latin America

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of a general measure of the perception of governmental responses to COVID--19 (COVID-SCORE-10) in the general population of 13 Latin American countries. Methods A total of 5780 individuals from 13 Latin American and Caribbean countries selected by non-probabilistic snowball sampling participated. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the alignment method was used to evaluate invariance. Additionally, a graded response model was used for the assessment of item characteristics. Results The results indicate that there is approximate measurement invariance of the COVID-SCORE-10 among the participating countries. Furthermore, IRT results suggest that the COVID-SCORE-10 measures with good psychometric ability a broad spectrum of the construct assessed, especially around average levels. Comparison of COVID-SCORE-10 scores indicated that participants from Cuba, Uruguay and El Salvador had the most positive perceptions of government actions to address the pandemic. Thus, the underlying construct of perception of government actions was equivalent in all countries. Conclusion The results show the importance of initially establishing the fundamental measurement properties and MI before inferring the cross-cultural universality of the construct to be measured.

Psychometric Evidence of the Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale in Peruvian Elderly / Evidencia Psicométrica de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida de Diener en adultos mayores peruanos / Evidência psicométrica da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida de Diener em Pessoas Idosas Peruanas

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, satisfaction with life has aroused the interest of gerontological research, thus being one of the most used concepts to measure subjective well-being, in addition to being an indicator of successful aging. Materials and methods: The psychometric properties of the Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale were assessed in Peruvian elderly individuals. The instrument was applied to 236 elderly from the city of Trujillo (78.4 % female and 21.6 % male), with an average age of 72.8 years old, and their standard deviation = 6.90. In order to obtain convergent and discriminant validity, the tests Single Item of Satisfaction with Life Scale, Brief Resilient Coping Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale were conducted. Results: Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale shows a one-dimensional structure (χ2 = 10.960, df = 5, p = .05, χ2/ά/ = 2.192, GFI = .983, CFI = .994, NFI = .988; RMSEA = .071 [ci 90 % .000, .129]; and SRMR = .013), presenting positive correlations with resilience and negative correlations with depression. Moreover, it presents a high reliability index estimated by the method of internal consistency with the Cronbach's Alpha Test (α = .93), Omega coefficient (ω = .93; ci 95 %: .92 -.95) and GLB = .94. Conclusion: For purposes of research -among other-, we recommend the use of the Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale for Peruvian elderly persons.

Resumen Introducción: en los últimos años, la satisfacción con la vida ha despertado el interés de la investigación gerontológica, siendo uno de los conceptos más utilizados para medir el bienestar subjetivo, además de constituir un indicador del envejecimiento exitoso. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida de Diener en adultos mayores peruanos. Participaron 236 personas (78.40 % mujeres; 21.60 % hombres). La edad promedio fue de 72.8 años y su desviación estándar = 6.90 (desviación standard). Para obtener evidencia de validez convergente y discriminante se aplicaron la prueba de Ítem Único de Satisfacción con la Vida, la Brief Resilient Coping Scale y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica. Resultados: se encuentra que la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida muestra una estructura unidimensional (χ2 = 10.960, df = 5, p = .05, x2/df = 2.192, GFI = .983, CFI = .994, NFI = .988; RMSEA = .071 [IC 90 % .000, .129]; y SRMR = .013), se relaciona positivamente con la resiliencia y negativamente con la depresión. Además, presenta altos índices de consistencia interna (alfa = .93; ic 95 %: .90-.94; omega = .93; ic 95 %: .92-.95 y GLB =.94). Conclusión: cuando menos, para propósitos de investigación se recomienda uso de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en adultos mayores peruanos.

Resumo Introdução: nos últimos anos, a satisfação com a vida tem despertado o interesse da investigação gerontológica, sendo um dos conceitos mais utilizados para medir o bem-estar subjetivo, para além de construir um indicador do envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Materiais e métodos: avaliaram-se as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida de Diener em idosos peruanos. Participaram 236 pessoas (78.40% mulheres; 21.60% homens). A idade média foi de 72.8 anos e Desvio padrão = 6.90. para obter evidência de validez convergente e discriminante, se aplicaram a prova de Item Único de Satisfação com a Vida, o Brief Resilient Coping Scale e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Resultados: encontra-se que a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida mostra uma estrutura unidimensional (χ2 = 10.960, df = 5, p = .05, x2/df = 2.192, GFI = .983, CFI = .994, NFI = .988; RMSEA = .071 [ic90 2% .000, .129]; e SRMR = .013), se relaciona positivamente com a resiliência e negativamente com a depressão. Para além disso, apresenta altos índices de consistência interna (alfa = .93; ic 95 %:.90-.94; omega=.93; ic 95 %: .92-.95 e GLB = .94). Conclusão: pelo menos para propósitos de pesquisa, recomenda-se o uso da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida em idosos peruanos.

Variables relacionadas con ansiedad social en adolescentes: un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple / Variables related to socialanxiety in adolescents: a multiple linear regression model

El objetivo fue construir un modelo de regresión múltiple para investigar la relación entre ansiedad social, sensibilidad a la ansiedad, rasgo de ansiedad y miedo a la evaluación negativa, y comparar hombres con mujeres. La investigación fue cuantitativa, no experimental, correlacional y transversal. Se evaluó a 689 adolescentes entre 14 y 19 años (M=16.45; DE=1.11), a través de la escala de Ansiedad Social para Adolescentes (SAS-A), la subescala Ansiedad-Rasgo del Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (STAI), la versión breve de escala de Miedo a la Evaluación Negativa (BFNE) y el Índice de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad-3 (ASI-3). El género femenino presentó mayor media en ansiedad rasgo con tamaño de efecto pequeño (d=-.27). Las correlaciones fueron positivas entre bajas y moderadas. La correlación parcial y semiparcial más alta fue entre SAS-A y ASI. Se construyó un modelo de regresión válido y estadísticamente significativo y explicó el 41.2% de la varianza de la ansiedad social (R2=.412) con tamaño de efecto grande.

The objective was to build a multiple regression model to investigate the relationship between social anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, trait anxiety and fear of negative evaluation, and to compare men and women. The research was quantitative, not experimental, correlational and cross-sectional. 689 adolescents between 14 and 19 years (M=16.45; SD=1.11) were evaluated, through the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), the trait subscale of the Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI), the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) were applied. Female gender showed higher mean in trait anxiety with small effect size (d=-.27). Correlations were positive from low to moderate. The higher partial and semipartial correlation was between SAS-A and ASI. A valid regression model and statistically significant was constructed and explained 41.2% of the variance of social anxiety (R2=.412) with large effect size.